{"id":300,"date":"2025-01-28T10:50:31","date_gmt":"2025-01-28T12:50:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/dbf\/?page_id=300"},"modified":"2025-07-23T22:02:51","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T00:02:51","slug":"eukarya","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/dbf\/eukarya\/","title":{"rendered":"Eukarya: origem da c\u00e9lula eucari\u00f3tica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A origem da c\u00e9lula eucari\u00f3tica se deu muito provavelmente independentemente em um mundo onde s\u00f3 haviam c\u00e9lulas procari\u00f3ticas. A evid\u00eancia da independ\u00eancia de outro organismo para a cria\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00facleo como nova organela, caracter\u00edstica do grupo dos Eukarya, vem a partir do fato que c\u00e9lulas eucari\u00f3ticas tem o mecanismo de desintegrar e refazer novos n\u00facleos ao final de cada divis\u00e3o celular, processo comum a todos os eucariotos, ou seja, pode ser um caracter ancestral que se manteve e que ocorre desde a origem com o \u00faltimo ancestral comum dos Eukarya. Todavia nem todas as organelas que s\u00f3 ocorrem em Eukarya surgiram no grupo de forma independente.<br \/>\nEm um tempo remoto em que haviam c\u00e9lulas procariontes e eucariontes, acredita-se que eventualmente uma c\u00e9lula eucari\u00f3tica englobou uma procari\u00f3tica, e esta segunda ao inv\u00e9s de ser digerida se manteve viva e replicante, acompanhando as replica\u00e7\u00f5es da eucari\u00f3tica que a englobou. Ao longo de muitas gera\u00e7\u00f5es dessas c\u00e9lulas agregadas, que se dividiram sincronizadamente, houve a integra\u00e7\u00e3o do genoma da c\u00e9lula procari\u00f3tica ao DNA nuclear da c\u00e9lula eucari\u00f3tica. Os subprodutos provenientes do metabolismo da c\u00e9lula procari\u00f3tica eram aproveitados pela c\u00e9lula eucari\u00f3tica e ela protegia a c\u00e9lula procari\u00f3tica em retorno. Firmando assim uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o simbi\u00f3tica, conhecida na ci\u00eancia como endossimbiose.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Roteiro da aula<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e9lula eucarionte: caracter\u00edsticas\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quando surgiu a 1\u00aa c\u00e9lula eucari\u00f3tica?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surgimento das caracter\u00edsticas eucari\u00f3ticas.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Citoesqueleto\/ fagocitose<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Teoria aut\u00f3gena: n\u00facleo, Golgi, RE<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Teoria da endossimbiose: mitoc\u00f4ndria e cloroplastos<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qual a ordem dos eventos?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eventos de transfer\u00eancia lateral \u201cmoldaram\u201d os eucariotos<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Origem das mitoc\u00f4ndrias<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Distin\u00e7\u00e3o sobre abordagens de estudo sobre a origem de entidades e sobre a evolu\u00e7\u00e3o de entidades<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Caracter\u00edsticas fundamentais da mitochondria:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Morfol\u00f3gicas (dupla membrane, cristas)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gen\u00f4micas (genoma circular pr\u00f3prio, com codigo distinto, com informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre genes espec\u00edficos)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fisiol\u00f3gicas<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de mitoc\u00f4ndrias nos organismos eucariontes (mitocondriados versus amitocondriados)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da mitochondria (LECA j\u00e1 possu\u00eda mitochondria, que \u00e9 perdida ou modificada em linhagens espec\u00edficas)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8211; M.R.O. (mitochondrial related organismos)<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Origem dos cloroplastos: simples (endossimbiose 1\u00aa: Archaeplastida) e complexos (endossimbiose 2\u00aa)<\/span><\/span>&nbsp;\n<p><strong>Origem e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o das Mitoc\u00f4ndrias<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distin\u00e7\u00e3o sobre abordagens de estudo sobre a origem de entidades e sobre a evolu\u00e7\u00e3o de entidades<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caracter\u00edsticas fundamentais da mitochondria:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Morfol\u00f3gicas (dupla membrane, cristas)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gen\u00f4micas (genoma circular pr\u00f3prio, com codigo distinto, com informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre genes espec\u00edficos)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fisiol\u00f3gicas<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de mitocondrias nos organismos eucariontes (mitocondriados versus amitocondriados)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da mitochondria (LECA j\u00e1 possuia mitochondria, que \u00e9 perdida ou modificada em linhagens especificas)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M.R.O. (mitochondrial related organismos)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Refer\u00eancias<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Dowload de artigos<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On the Origin of Mitosing Cells<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/dbf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1573\/2025\/07\/Margulis_1966.pdf\">Margulis_1966<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: The primary<br \/>\nkingdoms<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/dbf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1573\/2025\/07\/Woese_1977.pdf\">Woese_1977<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Origem e Filogenia dos Eucariotos<\/strong> \u00a0 <strong>Bibliografia\u00a0<\/strong> \u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amjbot.org\/content\/vol91\/issue10\/\">American Journal of Botany 9(10) &#8211; 2004<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/cgi\/content\/full\/300\/5626\/1703\">Baudalf, 2003 &#8211; The deep roots of eukaryotes<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"DBF_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dbf.ib.usp.br\/downloads\/Baldauf_2008.pdf\">Baudalf, 2008 &#8211; Classification<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"DBF_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dbf.ib.usp.br\/downloads\/Bellorin_2006.pdf\">Bellorin e Oliveira, 2006 &#8211; Plastid Evolution<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"DBF_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tree.2005.09.005\">Keeling et al., 2005 &#8211; The tree of eukaryotes<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"DBF_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/cgi\/content\/full\/317\/5846\/1875\">Keeling et al, 2007 &#8211; Deep questions in the Tree of Life<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"DBF_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dbf.ib.usp.br\/downloads\/o_que_e_um_protista.pdf\">O que \u00e9 um protista<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"DBF_text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1713255\">Parfrey et al., 2006 &#8211; Evaluations of Classifications of Eukaryotes<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"DBF_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dbf.ib.usp.br\/downloads\/Whittaker_1969.pdf\">Whittaker 1969<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"DBF_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dbf.ib.usp.br\/downloads\/Woese_1990.pdf\">Woese 1990<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Margulis, L &amp; K. V. Schwartz. 2001. Cinco Reinos.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Oliveira e Menck Cap\u00edtulo 2 do livro Matioli, S.R. &amp; F.M.C. Fernandes, 2012. Biologia Molecular e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Raven, P.H.; Evert, R.F; Eichhorn, S.E. 2007. Biologia Vegetal, Cap. 12<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sagan, L, 1967. On the origin of mitosing cells. J. Theoret. Biol., 14: 225-274 (PDF no Moodle)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Woese CR &amp; GE Fox, 1977. Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: The primary kingdons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 74(11): 5088-5090. (PDF no Moodle)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 Fato. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ABC_Evolucao_redux.pdf\">https:\/\/www.abc.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ABC_Evolucao_redux.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A origem da c\u00e9lula eucari\u00f3tica se deu muito provavelmente independentemente em um mundo onde s\u00f3 haviam c\u00e9lulas procari\u00f3ticas. A evid\u00eancia da independ\u00eancia de outro organismo para a cria\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00facleo como nova organela, caracter\u00edstica&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24390,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-300","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/dbf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/300","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/dbf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/dbf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/dbf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24390"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/dbf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=300"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/dbf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/300\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":423,"href":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/dbf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/300\/revisions\/423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/dbf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}