Authors: Camila S. Padilha, Caique Figueiredo, Luciele Guerra Minuzzi, Patricia Chimin,
Rafael Deminice, Karsten Krüger, José Cesar Rosa-Neto, Fabio Santos Lira.

Abstract: Molecules such as cytokines, energetic substrates, and hormones found in the immune cell environment, especially lymphocytes and monocytes, are crucial for directing energy metabolism. In turn, changes in energy
metabolism occur in a synchronized manner with the activation of certain signaling pathways, thereby this
crosstalk is responsible for determining the functionality of immune cells. The immunometabolism field has
grown over time and that is becoming increasingly promising in several populations; here we discuss the mechanisms involved in sedentary and physically active middle-aged individuals and master athletes. In this
context, this review shows that the physical activity status and lifelong exercise seems to be good strategies for
the promotion of metabolic and functional adaptations in T lymphocytes and monocytes, counteracting inflammatory environments caused by expanded adipose tissue and sedentary behavior, as well as delaying the
immunosenescence caused by aging.