The data presented below lists the invitations made to Brazil to contribute troops to international military operations. These operations encompass three distinct types of missions: collective security operations (as in the case of the Korean War), peacekeeping operations (such as MINUSTAH and UNIFIL), and multinational forces (as in the case of INTERFET, the Australian-led multinational force sent to East Timor in 1999).
These missions share the following characteristics: they were all authorized and/or commanded by an international body (in Brazil’s case, the possible organizations are the United Nations and the Organization of American States), state contributions are made on a voluntary basis, and they are not characterized as acts of war in which national sovereignty and integrity are at risk.
The period under analysis begins in 1956, the year the first peacekeeping operation with a troop presence was created, the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I). The data covers up to 2025. For each of the invitations, a series of variables were assigned that allow for important inferences about Brazil and international military operations. The data was collected by the researcher Kaiutan Venerano as part of his doctoral thesis research.
Sending Brazilian Troops
| id | Missão | Nome_Completo | Ano_Convite | Tipo de Missão | Pais | Continente | Lusofonia | Mortes | PIB_ano_convite | PIB_ano_anterior_convite | Coalizao_Camara | Direita | Vdem | Evento_Politico | Brasil_CSNU | Chanceler_Diplomata | Americanismo | EUA_Republicano | Guerra_Fria | Reforma_CSNU | Resolucao_CSNU_Ano_Anterior | Resolucao_OP_Ano_Anterior | Resolucao_CSNU_Ano_Convite | Resolucao_OP_Ano_Convite | Uso_da_Força | Mandato | Missão_Síncrona | Convite Aceito | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| wdt_ID | wdt_created_by | wdt_created_at | wdt_last_edited_by | wdt_last_edited_at | id | Missão | Nome_Completo | Ano_Convite | Tipo de Missão | Pais | Continente | Lusofonia | Mortes | PIB_ano_convite | PIB_ano_anterior_convite | Coalizao_Camara | Direita | Vdem | Evento_Politico | Brasil_CSNU | Chanceler_Diplomata | Americanismo | EUA_Republicano | Guerra_Fria | Reforma_CSNU | Resolucao_CSNU_Ano_Anterior | Resolucao_OP_Ano_Anterior | Resolucao_CSNU_Ano_Convite | Resolucao_OP_Ano_Convite | Uso_da_Força | Mandato | Missão_Síncrona | Convite Aceito |
| 1 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 1 | COREIA1 | Guerra da Coreia | 1950 | s. coletiva | Coréia | Asia | 0 | 3,194 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 1 | 0.8 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 11 | 5 | 1 | minimalista | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 2 | COREIA2 | Guerra da Coreia | 1951 | s. coletiva | Coréia | Ásia | 0 | 3,194 | 4.9 | 6.8 | 1 | 0.3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 1 | minimalista | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 3 | UNEFI | United Nations Emergency Force I | 1956 | op. de paz | Egito | O. Medio | 0 | 35 | 2.9 | 8.8 | 1 | 0.8 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 11 | 2 | 0 | minimalista | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 4 | ONUC | Operação das Nações Unidas no Congo | 1960 | op. de paz | R.D.C. | Africa | 0 | 135 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 1 | 0.8 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 28 | 5 | 1 | moderado | 1 | 1 |
| 5 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 5 | UNFICYP64 | United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus | 1964 | op. de paz | Chipre | Europa | 0 | 15 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 14 | 6 | 0 | maximalista | 1 | 0 |
| 6 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 6 | IAPF | Inter-American Peace Force | 1965 | op. de paz | Rep. Dominicana | America | 0 | 0 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 20 | 2 | 1 | minimalista | 1 | 1 |
| 7 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 7 | UNFICYP68 | United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus | 1968 | op. de paz | Chipre | Europa | 0 | 15 | 9.8 | 4.2 | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 2 | 18 | 3 | 0 | maximalista | 0 | 0 |
| 8 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 8 | UNDOF | United Nations Disengagement Observer Force | 1975 | op. de paz | Síria | O. Medio | 0 | 8 | 5.2 | 8.2 | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 22 | 2 | 22 | 2 | 0 | minimalista | 0 | 0 |
| 9 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 9 | UNIFIL78 | United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon | 1978 | op. de paz | Líbano | O. Medio | 0 | 94 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 21 | 5 | 0 | moderado | 0 | 0 |
| 10 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 10 | UNTAG | United Nations Transition Assistance Group | 1982 | op. de paz | Namíbia | Africa | 0 | 1 | 0.8 | -4.3 | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | moderado | 0 | 0 |
| 11 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 11 | UNIFIL83 | United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon | 1983 | op. de paz | Líbano | O. Medio | 0 | 94 | -2.9 | 0.8 | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 29 | 13 | 17 | 4 | 0 | moderado | 0 | 0 |
| 12 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 12 | UNIFIL84 | United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon | 1984 | op. de paz | Líbano | O. Medio | 0 | 94 | 5.4 | -2.9 | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 4 | 14 | 2 | 0 | moderado | 0 | 0 |
| 13 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 13 | GOLFO | Guerra do Golfo | 1990 | s. coletiva | Iraque | O. Medio | 0 | 194 | -4.3 | 3.2 | 0 | 1.0 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 37 | 12 | 1 | minimalista | 0 | 0 |
| 14 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 14 | Namibia | Força Multinacional - Namibia | 1991 | multinacional | Namíbia | Africa | 0 | 1 | 1.0 | -4.3 | 0 | 1.0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | moderado | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 15 | UNTAC | United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia | 1991 | op. de paz | Camboja | Asia | 0 | 25 | 1.0 | -4.3 | 0 | 1.0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 1 | 42 | 2 | 0 | maximalista | 0 | 0 |
| 16 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 16 | Guardias | Guardiões das Nações Unidas no Iraque | 1991 | op. de paz | Iraque | Asia | 0 | 194 | 1.0 | -4.3 | 0 | 1.0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 12 | 42 | 12 | 1 | minimalista | 0 | 0 |
| 17 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 17 | UNPROFOR | United Nations Protection Force | 1992 | op. de paz | Iugoslávia | Europa | 0 | 74 | -0.5 | 1.0 | 1 | 0.5 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 42 | 3 | 74 | 24 | 1 | moderado | 0 | 0 |
| 18 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 18 | ONUMOZ92 | Operação das Nações Unidas em Moçambique | 1992 | op. de paz | Moçambique | Africa | 1 | 1 | -0.5 | 1.0 | 1 | 0.5 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 42 | 0 | 74 | 2 | 0 | moderado | 0 | 0 |
| 19 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 19 | UNOMUR | United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda | 1993 | op. de paz | Uganda-Ruanda | Africa | 0 | 0 | 4.9 | -0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 0 | 93 | 2 | 0 | minimalista | 0 | 0 |
| 20 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 20 | ONUMOZ93 | Operação das Nações Unidas em Moçambique | 1993 | op. de paz | Moçambique | Africa | 1 | 1 | 4.9 | -0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 2 | 93 | 5 | 0 | moderado | 0 | 1 |
| 21 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 21 | UNFICYP93 | United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus | 1993 | op. de paz | Chipre | Europa | 0 | 15 | 4.9 | -0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 5 | 93 | 3 | 0 | maximalista | 1 | 0 |
| 22 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 22 | UNAMIR | United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda | 1994 | op. de paz | Ruanda | Africa | 0 | 14 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 1 | 0.5 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 93 | 2 | 77 | 6 | 0 | moderado | 1 | 0 |
| 23 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 23 | UNAVEMIII | United Nations Angola Veririfcation Mission | 1994 | op. de paz | Angola | Africa | 1 | 7 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 1 | 0.5 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 93 | 7 | 77 | 6 | 0 | moderado | 1 | 1 |
| 24 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 24 | Burundi | Operação de Paz - Burundi | 1996 | op. de paz | Burudi | Africa | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 4.2 | 1 | 0.5 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 66 | 1 | 57 | 3 | 0 | moderado | 1 | 0 |
| 25 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | pedrofeliu | 13/11/2025 18:29 | 25 | Zaire | Força Multinacional - Zaire | 1996 | multinacional | R.D.C. | Africa | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 4.2 | 1 | 0.5 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 66 | 0 | 57 | 2 | 1 | minimalista | 1 | 1 |
Code Book
| wdt_ID | wdt_created_by | wdt_created_at | wdt_last_edited_by | wdt_last_edited_at | Variable Name | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Ano | Year in which Brazil received an invitation (formal or informal) to contribute troops to an international military operation | UN |
| 2 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Lusofonia | Member countries of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). 0 (does not belong); 1 (belongs) | CPLP |
| 3 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Mortes | Deaths due to “malicious acts” / violent deaths | Data aggregated by the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations |
| 4 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | PIB_ano_convite | Brazilian Gross Domestic Product in the year of the invitation | IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) |
| 5 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | PIB_ano_anterior_convite | Brazilian Gross Domestic Product in the year before the invitation | IBGE |
| 6 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Coalizao_Camara | At the time of the invitation, the government had a coalition in the Chamber greater than 50%, sufficient to pass the troop deployment in the house. 0 (no majority), 1 (with majority) | Figueiredo, A.C. (2007). Government Coalitions in Brazilian democracy. Bras. Political Sci. Rev., 1(2), 182-216. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-3834200700020006. Data updated by Venerando (2025) |
| 7 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Direita | Political ideology of the Brazilian president. The closer to 1, the more right-wing the president. | Amorim Neto, O., & Malamud, A. (2020). Presidential Delegation to Foreign Ministries: A Study of Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico (1946–2015). Journal of Politics in Latin America, 12(2), 123-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/1866802X20944184. Updated by Venerand |
| 8 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | VDem | Level of democracy in Brazil at the time of the invitation for troop deployment | V-Dem, 2025. *V-Dem Codebook V15 – March 2025*, Varieties of Democracy Institute. Sweden. Retrieved from https://coilink.org/20.500.12592/5xfd4yy |
| 9 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Evento Político | Presidential Elections; Coup d’État; Presidential Impeachment (1); Years without listed political events (0) | Venerando (2025) |
| 10 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Brasil_CSNU | Bienniums in which Brazil was a non-permanent member of the UNSC (1); Years when Brazil was not on the Security Council (0) | UN |
| 11 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Chanceler_Diplomata | Brazilian Chancellor is a career diplomat (1) or a politician (0) | Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Brazil |
| 12 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Americanismo | Brazilian Government Americanist (1); Brazilian Government Globalist (0) | Based on classifications by Pinheiro (2004): Americanist periods: 1946-1961, 1964-1974; Globalist periods: 1961-1964, 1974-1990. Updated based on literature analyzing subsequent governments |
| 13 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | EUA_Republicano | Whether the President of the United States belongs to the Republican Party (1) or the Democratic Party (0) | Data from the White House website |
| 14 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Guerra_Fria | Cold War (1); Not Cold War (0) | |
| 15 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Reforma_CSONU | Period with intense debate about UN Security Council Reform (1); Period without intense debate about UN Security Council Reform (0) | Baccarini, MPO (2014). A reforma do conselho de segurança das Nações Unidas: uma questão institucional. Americanae (Biblioteca AECID). http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-9LNHCP. Data updated by Venerando (2025) |
| 16 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Resolucao_CSNU_Ano_Anterior | Total number of resolutions voted in the UN Security Council in the year before the invitation | UN |
| 17 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Resolucao_CSNU_Ano_Convite | Total number of resolutions voted in the UN Security Council in the year of the invitation | UN |
| 18 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Resolucao_OP_Ano_Anterior | Total number of resolutions on Peacekeeping Operations voted in the UN Security Council in the year before the invitation | UN |
| 19 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Resolucao_OP_Ano_Convite | Total number of resolutions on Peacekeeping Operations voted in the UN Security Council in the year of the invitation | UN |
| 20 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Uso_da_Força | The mission mandate authorizes the use of force (1); The mission mandate does not authorize the use of force (0) | United Nations Peace Mission Mandates (UNPMM) Dataset developed at the Geneva Graduate Institute by Hellmuller, Lanfranchi, Pinaud, and Tan (2023) |
| 21 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Mandato | Minimalist, Moderate, Maximalist | United Nations Peace Mission Mandates (UNPMM) Dataset developed at the Geneva Graduate Institute by Hellmuller, Lanfranchi, Pinaud, and Tan (2023) |
| 22 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Missão_Síncrona | Brazilian presence in some international military operation at the time of the invitation | Ministry of Defense of Brazil |
| 23 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | pedrofeliu | 11/12/2025 13:51 | Convite Aceito | Invitation to Send Troops Accepted (1); Invitation to Send Troops Rejected (0) | Venerando, K.R.S. (2025). “A perfect storm: understanding the Brazilian troop contribution to international military operations”. Doctoral Thesis. Graduate Program in Political Science – University of São Paulo. 2025 |
How to Cite
Feliu Ribeiro, P. (2024). POLEN (v1.01) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14015246. Avaiable at: polen.iri.usp.br
