{"id":1601,"date":"2021-12-23T12:45:03","date_gmt":"2021-12-23T14:45:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/?p=1601"},"modified":"2024-04-18T22:57:10","modified_gmt":"2024-04-19T00:57:10","slug":"martinica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/martinica","title":{"rendered":"Martinica"},"content":{"rendered":"<strong>Por Adrana Ver\u00edssimo<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/MARTINICA.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1603\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/MARTINICA.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" data-id=\"1603\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-table su-table-responsive su-table-alternate\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Nome oficial<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Martinique<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Localiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Caribe. Ilha entre\u00a0o mar do Caribe\u00a0e o oceano<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Atl\u00e2ntico norte, ao norte de Trinidad e Tobago<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Estado e Governo\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">At\u00e9 mar\u00e7o de 2015: Departamento de<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ultramar da Fran\u00e7a; a partir de mar\u00e7o de 2015:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Coletividade Territorial \u00danica<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Idiomas\u00b2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Franc\u00eas (oficial)\u00a0e<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">crioulo (de base francesa)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Moeda\u00b3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Euro<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Capital\u00b3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fort-de-France<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(89.794\u00a0hab. em 2007)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Superf\u00edcie\u00b3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1.128 km\u00b2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Popula\u00e7\u00e3o\u00b3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">388.364 hab. (2012) (INSEE)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Densidade<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">demogr\u00e1fica<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">344,3 hab.\/km\u00b2\u00a0(2012)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">da popula\u00e7\u00e3o\u2074<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Urbana (89,03%) e<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">rural (10,97%) (2010)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Analfabetismo\u00b2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PIB\u2075<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u20ac 8,6 bilh\u00f5es (2012)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PIB\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">per capita<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2075<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u20ac 22.312 (2012)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Elei\u00e7\u00f5es\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prefeito nomeado pela Fran\u00e7a, \u00e9 representante do Estado. A Assembleia da Martinica \u00e9 composta por 51 conselheiros eleitos direta e proporcionalmente em sistema de maior m\u00e9dia em dois turnos para mandatos de 6 anos, com direito \u00e0 reelei\u00e7\u00e3o. Caso nenhuma lista alcance a maioria absoluta no primeiro turno, as listas que obtiveram mais de 10% dos votos no primeiro turno concorrem num segundo turno. A lista que alcan\u00e7ar maioria absoluta recebe um b\u00f4nus de 11 conselheiros. A Assembleia elege em sua primeira reuni\u00e3o ap\u00f3s as elei\u00e7\u00f5es legislativas o seu Presidente, que o ser\u00e1 por toda a legislatura, seguida pela elei\u00e7\u00e3o de seus quatro vice-presidentes, tamb\u00e9m para o mesmo per\u00edodo. Posteriormente, \u00e9 eleito entre os membros da Assembl\u00e9ia o Conselho Executivo composto por 8 membros e seu presidente para o mandato de 6 anos.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b9 DROM-COM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b2\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethnologue: Languages of the World<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b3\u00a0Informa\u00e7\u00f5es do\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Minist\u00e8re des Outre-Mer<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2074 \u00a0ONU.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Urbanization Prospects, the 2014 Revision<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2075 \u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Institut national de la statistique et des \u00e9tudes \u00e9conomiques (INSEE)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2076 \u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Politiquemania<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tamb\u00e9m conhecida como a Ilha das Belas Flores, Martinica localiza-se entre o Atl\u00e2ntico norte e o mar do Caribe, ao norte de\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=1734&amp;action=edit\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trinidad e Tobago<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Administrativamente, divide-se em quatro distritos: Fort-de-France, Trinit\u00e9, Le Marin e Saint-Pierre. De clima tropical \u00famido, com ventos durante o ano inteiro, possui um vulc\u00e3o adormecido, o Monte Pel\u00e9e, que, em sua \u00faltima erup\u00e7\u00e3o em 1902, destruiu a cidade de Saint-Pierre, matando cerca de 30 mil pessoas. Desde essa data a capital administrativa e econ\u00f4mica da ilha \u00e9 Fort-de-France \u2013 com 107 mil habitantes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Desde de abril de 2015, Martinica deixou de ser um departamento ultramarino da Fran\u00e7a se convertendo em uma coletividade territorial \u00fanica.\u00a0O pa\u00eds permanece territ\u00f3rio franc\u00eas, mas ganhou maior autonomia administrativa. O Conselho Geral e o Conselho Regional deram lugar \u00e0 Assembl\u00e9ia da Martinica, composta por 51 conselheiros eleitos para um mandado de seis anos.\u00a0A popula\u00e7\u00e3o da ilha elege ainda dois senadores e quatro deputados para o Parlamento franc\u00eas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As principais agremia\u00e7\u00f5es pol\u00edticas da col\u00f4nia francesa s\u00e3o o Partido Comunista da Martinica (PCM), o Movimento para a Independ\u00eancia da Martinica (MIM), o Partido Progressista da Martinica (PPM), do qual fez parte o escritor\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/latinoamericana.wiki.br\/verbetes\/c\/cesaire-aime\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aim\u00e9 C\u00e9saire<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, o Partido Socialista da Martinica (PMS), o Movimento dos Democratas e Ecologistas por uma Martinica Independente (Modemas), a Uni\u00e3o pela Rep\u00fablica (UPR), o Grupo da Revolu\u00e7\u00e3o Socialista (GRS) e a Uni\u00e3o por uma Fran\u00e7a Democr\u00e1tica (UFD). Entre os importantes grupos de press\u00e3o est\u00e3o a Alian\u00e7a Revolucion\u00e1ria do Caribe (ARC), a Uni\u00e3o Central dos Trabalhadores da Martinica (UCTM), o C\u00edrculo de\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/espanol-fanon-frantz\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frantz Fanon<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, referenciado pela obra do psiquiatra e pensador nascido na Martinica, her\u00f3i da luta anticolonialista da Arg\u00e9lia, autor de\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os condenados da terra<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, e o Grupo de A\u00e7\u00e3o Prolet\u00e1ria (GAP).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O \u00edndice de alfabetiza\u00e7\u00e3o na Martinica \u00e9 alto. Atinge cerca de 90% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o com mais de quinze anos de idade. O ensino p\u00fablico mant\u00e9m a mesma qualidade e segue o mesmo calend\u00e1rio da metr\u00f3pole. Na Martinica h\u00e1 um\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">campus\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">da Universidade das\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/latinoamericana.wiki.br\/verbetes\/a\/antilhas-holandesas\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antilhas Holandesas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0e da\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/guiana\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guiana<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, com cerca de 5 mil estudantes, situado na vila de Schoelcher, a cinco quil\u00f4metros de Fort-de-France.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1604\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1604\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Monte-Pelee-en-Saint-Pierre-Martinica.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1604 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Monte-Pelee-en-Saint-Pierre-Martinica.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" data-id=\"1604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Monte-Pelee-en-Saint-Pierre-Martinica.jpg 800w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Monte-Pelee-en-Saint-Pierre-Martinica-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Monte-Pelee-en-Saint-Pierre-Martinica-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Monte-Pelee-en-Saint-Pierre-Martinica-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Monte-Pelee-en-Saint-Pierre-Martinica-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1604\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monte Pel\u00e9e, em Saint-Pierre, na Martinica (Zinneke\/Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>Economia<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A agricultura da Martinica responde por 6% do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) e \u00e9 baseada no cultivo de banana e cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar. O pequeno setor industrial responde por 11%. A\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/espanol-economia\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">economia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0da ilha, portanto, depende fundamentalmente (83%) da receita da \u00e1rea de servi\u00e7os, principalmente do turismo. A produ\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7\u00facar diminuiu nos \u00faltimos anos, e boa parte da cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar \u00e9 usada na fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o do\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/latinoamericana.wiki.br\/verbetes\/r\/rum\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rum<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. A exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de bananas aumentou e seu principal importador \u00e9 a Fran\u00e7a. Martinica tamb\u00e9m exporta, principalmente para a metr\u00f3pole, produtos \u00e0 base de\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">petr\u00f3leo<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0refinado, rum e abacaxi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O segundo maior parceiro comercial da Martinica \u00e9 a vizinha, e tamb\u00e9m col\u00f4nia francesa,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/espanol-guadalupe\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guadalupe<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, que absorve 28% de suas exporta\u00e7\u00f5es. A carne, os vegetais e os cereais s\u00e3o importados, o que contribui para o d\u00e9ficit da balan\u00e7a comercial e para a depend\u00eancia em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos recursos financeiros vindos da metr\u00f3pole.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O turismo emprega mais de 11 mil trabalhadores, e tornou-se mais importante do que as exporta\u00e7\u00f5es agr\u00edcolas como fonte de moeda estrangeira. A taxa de desemprego, contudo, \u00e9 alta. Em 2013, ela correspondia a 22,2% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o economicamente ativa (PEA), atingindo principalmente os jovens at\u00e9 25 anos. A moeda circulante na ilha \u00e9 o euro e a Martinica faz parte da Uni\u00e3o Europeia desde 1992. Em fevereiro de 2015,\u00a0ingressou na Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos Estados do Caribe\u00a0Oriental (Oeco), como membro associado.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1605\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1605\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Vista-de-la-ciudad-de-Saint-Pierre-Martinica.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1605 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Vista-de-la-ciudad-de-Saint-Pierre-Martinica.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" data-id=\"1605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Vista-de-la-ciudad-de-Saint-Pierre-Martinica.jpg 800w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Vista-de-la-ciudad-de-Saint-Pierre-Martinica-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Vista-de-la-ciudad-de-Saint-Pierre-Martinica-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Vista-de-la-ciudad-de-Saint-Pierre-Martinica-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Vista-de-la-ciudad-de-Saint-Pierre-Martinica-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1605\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vista da cidade de Saint Pierre, na Martinica (Jean &amp; Nathalie\/Creative Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>Hist\u00f3ria<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o Colombo \u00e9 tido como o descobridor da ilha, tendo chegado em 1502. Martinica era, ent\u00e3o, habitada pelos caribes, que a denominavam Madinina (ilha das flores) ou Jouanacaera (ilha dos iguanas). Esses \u00edndios expulsaram da regi\u00e3o, por volta do s\u00e9culo X, os primeiros habitantes, os aruaques, que migraram para a Am\u00e9rica do Sul.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em 1635, com a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de uma col\u00f4nia pelo franc\u00eas Pierre Belain d\u2019Esnambuc, a Martinica passou a ser considerada uma regi\u00e3o francesa, mas s\u00f3 foi anexada oficialmente pelo reino em 1674. Apesar disso, a Gr\u00e3-Bretanha continuou postulando a ilha, como todas do Caribe, durante o s\u00e9culo XVIII e in\u00edcio do XIX. Ap\u00f3s a derrota de Napole\u00e3o, a Inglaterra estabeleceu sua soberania, mas, com a restaura\u00e7\u00e3o mon\u00e1rquica, em 1815, a Martinica voltou definitivamente ao dom\u00ednio franc\u00eas. No dia 22 de maio de 1848, a ilha aboliu a escravid\u00e3o e libertou 74 mil escravos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em 1946, a Martinica tornou-se um departamento ultramarino franc\u00eas e, em 1974, foi elevada \u00e0 condi\u00e7\u00e3o de regi\u00e3o da Fran\u00e7a. Entre 1960 e 1980, grupos de\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/latinoamericana.wiki.br\/verbetes\/e\/esquerda\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">esquerda\u00a0<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e comunistas reivindicaram a independ\u00eancia da ilha, o que provocou confrontos com a pol\u00edcia e as for\u00e7as de seguran\u00e7a. Guadalupe, Martinica e Guiana Francesa ainda reivindicam maior autonomia de decis\u00e3o no contexto franc\u00eas e europeu; por esse motivo, assinaram a Declara\u00e7\u00e3o de Basse-Terre, em 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1606\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1606\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Carnaval-en-Fort-de-France-capital-de-Martinica-en-enero-de-2015.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1606 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Carnaval-en-Fort-de-France-capital-de-Martinica-en-enero-de-2015.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"511\" data-id=\"1606\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Carnaval-en-Fort-de-France-capital-de-Martinica-en-enero-de-2015.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Carnaval-en-Fort-de-France-capital-de-Martinica-en-enero-de-2015-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/Carnaval-en-Fort-de-France-capital-de-Martinica-en-enero-de-2015-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1606\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carnaval em Fort-de-France, capital da Martinica, em janeiro de 2015 (Jacques Lebleu\/Creative Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>Bibliografia<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ENCICLOP\u00c9DIA DO MUNDO CONTEMPOR\u00c2NEO. 3. ed. revisada e atualizada. Rio de Janeiro\/S\u00e3o Paulo: Terceiro Mil\u00eanio\/Publifolha, 2002.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">THE NEW ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA INC. . v. 7. London: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1985.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VINSON, James; KIRKPATRICK, Daniel.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contemporary foreign language writers<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. New York: St. Martin\u2019s Press, 1984.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Dados Estat\u00edsticos<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Indicadores demogr\u00e1ficos da Martinica<\/b><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-table su-table-responsive su-table-alternate\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><b>1950<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>1960<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>1970<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>1980<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>1990<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>2000<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>2010<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>2020*<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Popula\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(em mil habitantes)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">222<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">282<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">325<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">325<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">358<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">384<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">401<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">410<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2022\u00a0Sexo masculino (%)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">47,75<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">49,01<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">49,01<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">48,48<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">48,27<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">47,21<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">46,11<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8230;\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2022\u00a0Sexo feminino (%)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">52,25<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">50,99<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">50,99<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">51,52<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">51,73<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">52,79<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">53,89<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8230;\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Densidade demogr\u00e1fica\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(hab.\/km\u00b2)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">201<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">256<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">295<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">295<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">325<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">349<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">364<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">372\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Taxa bruta de natalidade<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(por mil habitantes)**<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">41,55<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">35,35<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">25,94<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">17,07<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">16,47<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">14,45<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">11,3*<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10,7\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Taxa de crescimento\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">populacional**<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2,03<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1,99<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,17<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,87<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,57<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,61<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,24*<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,17\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Expectativa de vida\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(anos)**<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">55,57<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">61,86<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">67,26<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">71,88<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">75,68<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">78,94<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">81,3*<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">83,4\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Popula\u00e7\u00e3o entre\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0 e 14 anos (%)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">37,39<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">42,33<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">41,39<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">30,49<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">24,49<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">23,00<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">19,35<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">16,4\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Popula\u00e7\u00e3o com\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">mais de 65 anos (%)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">5,23<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4,49<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">5,22<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">7,98<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">9,62<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">12,19<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">15,03<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">19,7\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Popula\u00e7\u00e3o urbana (%)\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">32,89<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">40,09<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">61,02<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">79,61<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">86,28<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">89,71<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">89,03<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">88,92\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Popula\u00e7\u00e3o rural (%)\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">67,11<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">59,91<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">38,98<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">20,39<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">13,72<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10,29<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10,97<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">11,08\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Participa\u00e7\u00e3o na popula\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">latino-americana (%)***<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,133<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,129<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,114<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,090<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,081<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,074<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,067<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,060<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Participa\u00e7\u00e3o na\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">popula\u00e7\u00e3o mundial (%)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,009<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,009<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,009<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,007<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,007<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,006<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,006<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,005<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fonte: ONU.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Population Prospects:\u00a0The 2012 Revision Database<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b9 Dados sobre a popula\u00e7\u00e3o urbana e rural retirados de ONU.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Urbanization Prospects, the 2014 Revision\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">* Proje\u00e7\u00f5es. | ** Estimativa por quinqu\u00eanios. | *** Inclui o Caribe.<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Obs.: Informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre fontes prim\u00e1rias e metodologia de apura\u00e7\u00e3o (incluindo eventuais mudan\u00e7as) s\u00e3o encontradas na base de dados indicada.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>Mapas<\/b><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/MAPA-MARTINICA.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1607\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/MAPA-MARTINICA.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"307\" height=\"551\" data-id=\"1607\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/MAPA-MARTINICA.png 307w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2021\/12\/MAPA-MARTINICA-167x300.png 167w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conte\u00fado atualizado em\u00a021\/06\/2018 10:17<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Por Adrana Ver\u00edssimo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22570,"featured_media":1605,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[112,75,95],"tags":[7],"class_list":["post-1601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economia","category-m","category-paises","tag-economia","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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