{"id":1776,"date":"2021-12-30T14:24:37","date_gmt":"2021-12-30T16:24:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/?p=1776"},"modified":"2024-10-26T21:09:13","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T23:09:13","slug":"espanol-amaral-tarsila-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/espanol-amaral-tarsila-do","title":{"rendered":"Amaral, Tarsila do"},"content":{"rendered":"Capivari, 1886 – S\u00e3o Paulo (Brasil), 1973<\/span><\/p>\n

Por <\/span><\/i>Francisco Alambert<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Hija de una familia rica de S\u00e3o Paulo,\u00a0Tarsila do Amaral inici\u00f3 sus estudios en colegios paulistas y luego, en 1902, en el Sacr\u00e9-Coeur de Barcelona, donde comenz\u00f3 a experimentar copiando pinturas ajenas. Tras su retorno al pa\u00eds, en 1904, se cas\u00f3 por primera vez. En 1916 fue modelo vivo en el\u00a0atelier\u00a0del escultor sueco radicado en S\u00e3o Paulo William Zadig. Al a\u00f1o siguiente estudi\u00f3 pintura con el acad\u00e9mico PedroAlexandrino e inaugur\u00f3 su primer\u00a0atelier\u00a0en S\u00e3o Paulo. En 1920 viaj\u00f3 a Par\u00eds para estudiar en la Acad\u00e9mie Julian con Emile Renard, y dos a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde present\u00f3 su obra\u00a0<\/span>Passaporte<\/span><\/i>\u00a0en el Salon Officiel des Artistes Fran\u00e7ais de aquella ciudad.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por intermedio de su amiga, la pintora Anita Malfatti, Tarsila supo de los acontecimientos de la Semana de Arte Moderno, y de regreso a\u00a0<\/span>Brasil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0estableci\u00f3 contacto con los artistas participantes, en especial con\u00a0Oswald de Andrade, con quien se fue a vivir al a\u00f1o siguiente, cuando ambos regresaron a Par\u00eds. En la capital francesa estudi\u00f3 con Andr\u00e9 Lhote, y despu\u00e9s con Albert Gleizes y con Fernand L\u00e9ger, y mantuvo una estrecha relaci\u00f3n con el poeta Blaise Cendrars y muchos otros artistas de la vanguardia parisina.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
El cuadro Abaporu (Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires\/Reproducci\u00f3n)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Durante ese per\u00edodo pint\u00f3 cuadros que habr\u00edan de ser famosos, como\u00a0<\/span>Caipirinha<\/span><\/i>\u00a0y\u00a0<\/span>A negra<\/span><\/i>. En 1924 regres\u00f3 a S\u00e3o Paulo y visit\u00f3 varias ciudades hist\u00f3ricas de Minas Gerais \u2013en compa\u00f1\u00eda de\u00a0Oswald de Andrade, Blaise Cendrars y otros\u2013, experiencia que imprimi\u00f3 en su obra un viraje del cubismo hacia el trabajo con los colores y la \u201cbrasilidad vital\u201d. Ese mismo a\u00f1o, Tarsila ilustr\u00f3 el\u00a0<\/span>Manifesto Pau-Brasil<\/span><\/i>\u00a0\u2013marco de referencia de una nueva fase del Modernismo brasile\u00f1o\u2013, y los libros de Blaise Cendrars\u00a0<\/span>Feiulles de Route<\/span><\/i>\u00a0y\u00a0<\/span>Le Formose<\/span><\/i>. En 1926, a\u00f1o en que se cas\u00f3 con Oswald, realiz\u00f3 su primera exposici\u00f3n individual en Par\u00eds. Su cuadro m\u00e1s famoso,\u00a0<\/span>Abaporu<\/span><\/i>, de 1928 (que actualmente forma parte de la Colecci\u00f3n Constantini, en Buenos Aires), inspir\u00f3 el\u00a0<\/span>Manifesto antropof\u00e1gico<\/span><\/i>\u00a0de\u00a0Oswald de Andrade. De la etapa antropof\u00e1gica de Tarsila se destacan, entre otras obras,\u00a0<\/span>O sono<\/span><\/i>\u00a0y\u00a0<\/span>Urutu<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

En 1929, cuando se separ\u00f3 de Oswald, sus obras fueron exhibidas en grandes exposiciones en R\u00edo de Janeiro y S\u00e3o Paulo y, al a\u00f1o siguiente, en Par\u00eds y en el Roerich Musem de Nueva York. Dos a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde, y ya comprometida con la\u00a0<\/span>izquierda<\/span>\u00a0brasile\u00f1a (militancia que la llevar\u00eda a prisi\u00f3n en 1932), expuso en Mosc\u00fa, en el Museo de Arte Moderno Occidental, y en Par\u00eds, en el Salon des Surind\u00e9pendants. En 1933 concluy\u00f3 dos c\u00e9lebres pinturas de tem\u00e1tica social,\u00a0<\/span>Oper\u00e1rios<\/span><\/i>\u00a0y\u00a0<\/span>Segunda classe<\/span><\/i>, que fueron presentados en 1934 en el I Sal\u00f3n Paulista de Bellas Artes. Tambi\u00e9n particip\u00f3 en la I Exposici\u00f3n de Arte Moderno de la SPAM \u2013Sociedad Pro-Arte Moderno\u2013 en S\u00e3o Paulo, y expuso en el Palace Hotel de R\u00edo de Janeiro.<\/span><\/p>\n

En 1936 comenz\u00f3 a escribir columnas sobre arte y sociedad para varios peri\u00f3dicos. Entretanto, sus cuadros segu\u00edan formando parte de distintas exposiciones, como la Exposici\u00f3n Latinoamericana de Artes Pl\u00e1sticas del Riverside Museum de Nueva York, la muestra colectiva de artistas brasile\u00f1os que en 1939 alberg\u00f3 la Royal Academy of Arts de Londres, y la exposici\u00f3n de veinte artistas brasile\u00f1os que en 1944 recorri\u00f3 Montevideo, Buenos Aires y La Plata, acontecimiento que dio origen al libro\u00a0<\/span>La pintura brasile\u00f1a contempor\u00e1nea<\/span><\/i>, del cr\u00edtico argentino\u00a0<\/span>Jorge Romero Brest<\/span><\/a>, publicado en 1945. Al a\u00f1o siguiente, Tarsila expuso tambi\u00e9n en\u00a0<\/span>Chile<\/span><\/a>, en las ciudades de Santiago y Valpara\u00edso.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
El \u00f3leo sobre tela Oper\u00e1rios integra el acervo del gobierno del Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (Reproducci\u00f3n)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

En 1950, el cr\u00edtico S\u00e9rgio Milliet organiz\u00f3 una retrospectiva de la artista en el Museo de Arte Moderno de S\u00e3o Paulo. Asimismo, particip\u00f3 en la I Bienal (de 1951), a la que volvi\u00f3 en 1953, tuvo una sala especial en la VII Bienal de 1963, expuso nuevamente en la XII Bienal de 1973, en la \u201cBienal Nacional\u201d de 1974, en la XV de 1979, la XIX de 1987, y la XXIV de 1998. Sus trabajos estuvieron presentes tambi\u00e9n, en 1957, en la exposici\u00f3n Arte Moderno en Brasil, del Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de Buenos Aires. En 1963 sus obras fueron transportadas a Norteam\u00e9rica para ser expuestas en la Galer\u00eda de Arte de la Universidad de Yale, en la muestra titulada\u00a0<\/span>Art of Latin America Since Independence<\/span><\/i>, y en el Museo de Arte de la Universidad de Texas. En 1964 form\u00f3 parte de la XXXII Bienal de Venecia, y, en 1969, el Museo de Arte Moderno de R\u00edo de Janeiro inaugur\u00f3 una gran exposici\u00f3n dedicada a su obra:\u00a0<\/span>Tarsila: 50 A\u00f1os de Pintura<\/span><\/i>, organizada por su bi\u00f3grafa, la cr\u00edtica Aracy Amaral.<\/span><\/p>\n

Conte\u00fado atualizado em\u00a003\/07\/2017 17:57<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Capivari, 1886 – S\u00e3o Paulo (Brasil), 1973 Por Francisco Alambert<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22576,"featured_media":1777,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[131,99,89,97],"tags":[195],"class_list":["post-1776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-personas","category-artes-plasticas","category-personas","category-temas","tag-artes-plasticas","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"\nAmaral, Tarsila do - 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