{"id":3340,"date":"2022-03-30T16:56:58","date_gmt":"2022-03-30T18:56:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/?p=3340"},"modified":"2024-02-23T17:33:23","modified_gmt":"2024-02-23T19:33:23","slug":"turkis-e-caicos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/turkis-e-caicos","title":{"rendered":"Turkis e Caic\u00f3s"},"content":{"rendered":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Paulo Vieira<\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/bandeira-TURKIS-E-CAICOS.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3341 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/bandeira-TURKIS-E-CAICOS.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"100\" data-id=\"3341\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-table su-table-responsive su-table-alternate\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Nome oficial<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Turks and Caicos\u00a0Islands<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Localiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Caribe. Dois grupos\u00a0de ilhas situados no oceano Atl\u00e2ntico norte, a sudeste das Bahamas\u00a0e ao norte do Haiti<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Estado e Governo\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Territ\u00f3rio de Ultramar<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">da Gr\u00e3-Bretanha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Idiomas\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ingl\u00eas (oficial)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Moeda\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">D\u00f3lar norte-americano<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Capital\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cockburn Town<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(5 mil hab. em 2014)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Superf\u00edcie\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">948 km\u00b2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Popula\u00e7\u00e3o\u00b2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">30.993 hab. (2010)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Densidade<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">demogr\u00e1fica\u00b2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">72 hab.\/km\u00b2\u00a0(2010)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0da<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">popula\u00e7\u00e3o\u00b3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Urbana (90,23) e<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">rural (9,77%) (2010)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Composi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9tnica\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Negros (87,6%), brancos (7,9%),\u00a0mesti\u00e7os (2,5%), indianos do leste (1,3%), outros (0,7%) (2006)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Religi\u00f5es\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Protestantes (72,8%), cat\u00f3lica romana (11,4%), testemunhas de Jeov\u00e1 (1,8%), outras (14%)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PIB (PPP)\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">US$ 632 milh\u00f5es (2007)\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PIB\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">per capita<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0(PPP)\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">US$ 29.100 (2007)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Elei\u00e7\u00f5es\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Governador-geral indicado pela rainha da Inglaterra. Legislativo unicameral composto do conselho legislativo com 19 membros, sendo 4 indicados e 15 eleitos por sufr\u00e1gio universal. Todos cumprem mandatos de 4 anos. Ap\u00f3s as elei\u00e7\u00f5es legislativas o l\u00edder do partido majorit\u00e1rio \u00e9 nomeado primeiro-ministro pelo governador.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fontes:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b9 CIA.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Factbook<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b2 ONU.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision Database<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b3 ONU.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Urbanization Prospects, the 2014 Revision<\/span><\/i><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Um dos \u00faltimos territ\u00f3rios coloniais da Gr\u00e3-Bretanha na Am\u00e9rica Latina, o arquip\u00e9lago de Turkis e Caic\u00f3s situa-se a cerca de 50 km a sudeste das\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/espanol-bahamas\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bahamas\u00a0<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2013 seu prolongamento natural \u2013 e 140 km ao norte da Ilha de Hispaniola (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rep\u00fablica Dominicana\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Haiti<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). \u00c9 formado por Grande Turkis, onde fica a capital, Cockburn Town, e mais 29 ilhas, oito delas desabitadas, que perfazem 948 km\u00b2. Segundo estimativas, tem uma popula\u00e7\u00e3o de 30 mil habitantes, majoritariamente negra (87,6%). \u00c9 uma das regi\u00f5es \u201cmais jovens do mundo\u201d, pois somente 4% de sua popula\u00e7\u00e3o tem mais de 65 anos de idade. Sua taxa de fertilidade, conforme dados do ano 2000, tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 uma das mais altas do continente, com 3,25 crian\u00e7as por mulher.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As principais atividades econ\u00f4micas do arquip\u00e9lago s\u00e3o o turismo, gra\u00e7as a seus excelentes pontos de mergulho e hot\u00e9is de luxo, os neg\u00f3cios imobili\u00e1rios, a pesca e, sobretudo, o mercado financeiro. Como outras col\u00f4nias inglesas e holandesas, \u00e9 um dos para\u00edsos fiscais do Caribe. Tem uma jurisdi\u00e7\u00e3o de \u201ctaxa zero\u201d, hospeda contas\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">offshore\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e n\u00e3o controla as transfer\u00eancias de fundos provenientes de outros pa\u00edses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os corais de arrecifes e o mar cristalino fazem do arquip\u00e9lago um dos dez melhores pontos de mergulho da Terra, segundo o guia especializado\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lonely Planet<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Com aeroportos internacionais nas ilhas Providenciales, Grande Turkis e Caic\u00f3s Sul, o arquip\u00e9lago conta com linhas regulares para os Estados Unidos e o Canad\u00e1. Mais da metade dos 100 mil turistas anuais s\u00e3o norte-americanos. Voos dom\u00e9sticos conectam as demais ilhas, com exce\u00e7\u00e3o de Caic\u00f3s Leste e Caic\u00f3s Oeste, duas das desabitadas. Navios ligam as ilhas de Caic\u00f3s Norte e Caic\u00f3s M\u00e9dia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Pouca \u00e1gua e muito calor<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acredita-se que o nome Turkis originou-se de um cacto abundante existente no arquip\u00e9lago, o \u201ccabe\u00e7a de turco\u201d, e Caic\u00f3s seja uma corruptela de \u201ccaya hico\u201d, que significa conjunto de ilhas, numa mescla do espanhol com a l\u00edngua dos lucayans, \u00faltima tribo ind\u00edgena a habitar a regi\u00e3o. O meio circulante \u00e9 o d\u00f3lar norte-americano e o idioma oficial, o ingl\u00eas.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3345\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3345\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/Turistas-visitam-uma-fazenda-de-conchas-em-Turkis-e-Caicos.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3345 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/Turistas-visitam-uma-fazenda-de-conchas-em-Turkis-e-Caicos.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"276\" data-id=\"3345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/Turistas-visitam-uma-fazenda-de-conchas-em-Turkis-e-Caicos.jpg 400w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/Turistas-visitam-uma-fazenda-de-conchas-em-Turkis-e-Caicos-300x207.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3345\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Turistas visitam uma fazenda de conchas em Turkis e Caicos (James Willamor\/Creative Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dada a limita\u00e7\u00e3o da estrutura produtiva do arquip\u00e9lago, a maioria dos alimentos e produtos de uso dom\u00e9stico \u00e9 fornecida pelo Reino Unido. Cerca de 33% de seus habitantes trabalham em reparti\u00e7\u00f5es p\u00fablicas, 20% na pesca (lagosta e conchas, especialmente) e na agricultura (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">milho<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, feij\u00e3o, tapioca e c\u00edtricos). Os demais, 47%, dedicam-se ao turismo, \u00e0s finan\u00e7as e aos servi\u00e7os.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As oito ilhas desertas n\u00e3o disp\u00f5em de\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00e1gua<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0pot\u00e1vel e as reservas de Turkis e Caic\u00f3s em geral s\u00e3o bastante reduzidas. Por esse motivo, a popula\u00e7\u00e3o armazena a \u00e1gua das chuvas em grandes cisternas a c\u00e9u aberto. Mas chove pouco na regi\u00e3o: as ilhas t\u00eam uma m\u00e9dia de 350 dias de sol por ano. A temperatura varia de 29 a 32 graus entre junho e outubro e de 27 a 28 graus entre novembro e maio.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Escravos abandonados pelos senhores<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As tribos ind\u00edgenas origin\u00e1rias foram os tainos e, depois, os lucayans. As ilhas foram descobertas por Juan Ponce de Le\u00f3n, mas h\u00e1 entusiastas da tese de que Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o Colombo teria aportado ali durante a expedi\u00e7\u00e3o de 1492. Como os espanh\u00f3is n\u00e3o fundaram povoados, durante quase dois s\u00e9culos as ilhas nem sequer faziam parte das rotas de navega\u00e7\u00e3o, por n\u00e3o possu\u00edrem ouro ou bons atracadouros naturais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Somente em 1678, gra\u00e7as \u00e0 chegada de algumas fam\u00edlias das\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bermudas<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, come\u00e7aram as explora\u00e7\u00f5es de sal, tamb\u00e9m chamado de \u201couro branco\u201d, e de madeira para lenha. A produ\u00e7\u00e3o de sal prossegue, facilitada pelas \u00e1guas rasas do arquip\u00e9lago. Mas parte da cobertura vegetal foi dizimada, o que reduziu ainda mais a ocorr\u00eancia de chuvas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inicialmente, o sal era enviado para as col\u00f4nias inglesas, que o utilizavam na secagem do bacalhau. A atividade prosperou e o governo das Bahamas estendeu, em 1776, sua jurisdi\u00e7\u00e3o sobre Turkis e Caic\u00f3s. Isso, contudo, n\u00e3o bastou para impedir a a\u00e7\u00e3o dos piratas e os saques aos comerciantes de sal. Os franceses dominaram o arquip\u00e9lago por breves per\u00edodos em 1778 e 1783. Ap\u00f3s a independ\u00eancia dos Estados Unidos, quarenta colonos leais \u00e0 Coroa brit\u00e2nica deixaram a Ge\u00f3rgia e a Carolina do Sul e aportaram nas ilhas. Para produzir algod\u00e3o, importaram os primeiros escravos africanos. Suas planta\u00e7\u00f5es, contudo, em n\u00e3o mais de quarenta anos, foram dizimadas por pragas naturais e pelas intemp\u00e9ries. Os fazendeiros deixaram a ilha, mas os negros permaneceram, desenvolvendo atividades extrativistas e uma agricultura de subsist\u00eancia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em 1848, atendendo a uma peti\u00e7\u00e3o dos moradores, o arquip\u00e9lago teve uma experi\u00eancia de autogoverno sob a supervis\u00e3o do governador da\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jamaica<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Em 1872, foi anexado \u00e0 Jamaica, situa\u00e7\u00e3o que vigeu at\u00e9 1962. Durante onze anos, permaneceu sob a administra\u00e7\u00e3o das\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/espanol-bahamas\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bahamas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0Em 1973, com a independ\u00eancia das Bahamas, Turkis e Caic\u00f3s tornou-se col\u00f4nia do Reino Unido. Em 30 de agosto de 1976, foi promulgada sua Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o, que seria revisada em 1988. Em 1982, as negocia\u00e7\u00f5es da independ\u00eancia com a \u201cmetr\u00f3pole\u201d n\u00e3o chegaram a bom termo.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3344\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3344\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/O-arquipelago-de-Turkis-e-Caicos-e-conhecido-pelo-turismo-e-como-sendo-um-paraiso-fiscal-1-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3344 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/O-arquipelago-de-Turkis-e-Caicos-e-conhecido-pelo-turismo-e-como-sendo-um-paraiso-fiscal-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"443\" data-id=\"3344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/O-arquipelago-de-Turkis-e-Caicos-e-conhecido-pelo-turismo-e-como-sendo-um-paraiso-fiscal-1-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/O-arquipelago-de-Turkis-e-Caicos-e-conhecido-pelo-turismo-e-como-sendo-um-paraiso-fiscal-1-1-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/O-arquipelago-de-Turkis-e-Caicos-e-conhecido-pelo-turismo-e-como-sendo-um-paraiso-fiscal-1-1-768x425.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/O-arquipelago-de-Turkis-e-Caicos-e-conhecido-pelo-turismo-e-como-sendo-um-paraiso-fiscal-1-1-400x222.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3344\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">O arquip\u00e9lago de Turkis e Caicos \u00e9 conhecido pelo turismo e como sendo um para\u00edso fiscal (Jonathan Palombo\/Creative Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Tropas contra a oposi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Durante os anos 1980 e 1990, as ilhas viveram um\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">boom\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de neg\u00f3cios imobili\u00e1rios e grandes por\u00e7\u00f5es de terras foram adquiridas por industriais norte-americanas. As obras em infraestrutura aeroportu\u00e1ria ajudaram no desenvolvimento do turismo. Um Club M\u00e9d, da conhecida rede francesa de\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">resorts<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, instalou-se nessa \u00e9poca na ilha de Providenciales.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em 1996, devido a declara\u00e7\u00f5es do governador Martin Bourke admitindo que o territ\u00f3rio estava sob controle do narcotr\u00e1fico, a oposi\u00e7\u00e3o passou a exigir sua deposi\u00e7\u00e3o. Em abril desse mesmo ano, o Reino Unido enviou o navio de guerra HMS Brave para patrulhar a costa e um batalh\u00e3o de elite chegou a desembarcar no territ\u00f3rio. Na d\u00e9cada de 1990, a metr\u00f3pole adotou medidas que flexibilizaram progressivamente os costumes dos ilh\u00e9us, como a descriminaliza\u00e7\u00e3o das rela\u00e7\u00f5es homossexuais e o fim da pena de morte. Em 2002, a Coroa estendeu a cidadania brit\u00e2nica \u00e0 sua popula\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gra\u00e7as \u00e0 condi\u00e7\u00e3o de para\u00edso fiscal, Turkis e Caic\u00f3s entrou na lista da Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o para a Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o e o Desenvolvimento Econ\u00f4mico (OCDE) dos lugares onde se lava dinheiro (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">money laundries<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), mas o governo brit\u00e2nico reagiu para controlar a atividade. O arquip\u00e9lago participa do Banco do Desenvolvimento do Caribe, mant\u00e9m um escrit\u00f3rio da Interpol e \u00e9 uma das 205 sele\u00e7\u00f5es filiadas \u00e0 FIFA \u2013 a entidade maior do futebol mundial.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Altera\u00e7\u00f5es pol\u00edticas<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Turkis e Caic\u00f3s herdou seu sistema legal dos tempos em que foi vinculado \u00e0 Jamaica e \u00e0s Bahamas, baseado na English Common Law. A Suprema Corte \u00e9 sua institui\u00e7\u00e3o jur\u00eddica m\u00e1xima.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Como territ\u00f3rio ultramarino da Inglaterra, a rainha Elizabeth II \u00e9 a chefe de\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estado<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, sendo representada no arquip\u00e9lago pelo governador\u00a0Peter Beckingham (desde outubro de 2013), que indica o primeiro-ministro entre os parlamentares da bancada majorit\u00e1ria. O atual primeiro-ministro,\u00a0Rufus Ewing, do Partido Progressista Nacional (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PPN<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) est\u00e1 no cargo desde novembro de 2012. A defesa do territ\u00f3rio \u00e9 de responsabilidade da Gr\u00e3-Bretanha, mas Turkis e Caic\u00f3s tem autonomia em assuntos de seguran\u00e7a interna e na regula\u00e7\u00e3o do seu mercado financeiro.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O Parlamento local \u00e9 formado por dezenove deputados, quinze dos quais s\u00e3o eleitos pela popula\u00e7\u00e3o (mediante sufr\u00e1gio universal para os maiores de dezoito anos). Na pol\u00edtica local, a oposi\u00e7\u00e3o ao PPN \u00e9 exercitada principalmente pelo Movimento Democr\u00e1tico do Povo (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MDP<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Existe um terceiro partido, o Partido Democr\u00e1tico Unido (PDU), sem representa\u00e7\u00e3o na atual legislatura.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3346\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3346\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/Vista-da-cidade-de-Cockburn-capital-de-Turkis-e-Caicos.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3346 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/Vista-da-cidade-de-Cockburn-capital-de-Turkis-e-Caicos.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"800\" data-id=\"3346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/Vista-da-cidade-de-Cockburn-capital-de-Turkis-e-Caicos.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/Vista-da-cidade-de-Cockburn-capital-de-Turkis-e-Caicos-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/Vista-da-cidade-de-Cockburn-capital-de-Turkis-e-Caicos-1024x640.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/Vista-da-cidade-de-Cockburn-capital-de-Turkis-e-Caicos-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/Vista-da-cidade-de-Cockburn-capital-de-Turkis-e-Caicos-400x250.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3346\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vista da cidade de Cockburn, capital de Turkis e Caicos (peacenik1\/Creative Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Dados Estat\u00edsticos<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Indicadores demogr\u00e1ficos de Turkis e Caic\u00f3s<\/b><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-table su-table-responsive su-table-alternate\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1950<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1960<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1970<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1980<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1990<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2010<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2020*<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Popula\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(em mil habitantes)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">6<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">6<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">19<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">31<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">37\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Densidade demogr\u00e1fica\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(hab.\/km\u00b2)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">13<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">13<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">18<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">27<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">44<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">72<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">86\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Taxa de crescimento\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">populacional**<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,59<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-0,19<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3,01<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4,67<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">5,67<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">6,75<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Popula\u00e7\u00e3o urbana (%)\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">47,20<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">47,68<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">51,11<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">55,26<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">74,34<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">84,55<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">90,23<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">93,56<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Popula\u00e7\u00e3o rural (%)\u00b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">52,80<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">52,32<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">48,89<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">44,74<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">25,66<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">15,45<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">9,77<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">6,44<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Participa\u00e7\u00e3o na popula\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">latino-americana (%)***<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,003<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,003<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,002<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,002<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,003<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,004<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,005<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,006<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Participa\u00e7\u00e3o na popula\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">mundial (%)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,0002<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,0002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,0002<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,0002<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,0002<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,0003<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,0004<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0,0005<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fontes: ONU.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Population Prospects:\u00a0The 2012 Revision Database<\/span><\/i><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b9 Dados sobre a popula\u00e7\u00e3o urbana e rural retirados de ONU.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Urbanization Prospects, the 2014 Revision<\/span><\/i><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">* Proje\u00e7\u00e3o. | ** Estimativas para o quinqu\u00eanio. | *** Inclui o Caribe.<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Obs.: Informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre fontes prim\u00e1rias e metodologia de apura\u00e7\u00e3o (incluindo eventuais mudan\u00e7as) s\u00e3o encontradas na base de dados ou no documento indicados.<\/span><\/h6>\n<p><b>Mapa<\/b><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/mapa-turkis-e-caicos.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3342\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/mapa-turkis-e-caicos.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"660\" data-id=\"3342\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/mapa-turkis-e-caicos.png 720w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/mapa-turkis-e-caicos-300x275.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/922\/2022\/03\/mapa-turkis-e-caicos-400x367.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Bibliografia<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Official Yearbook of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. London, 2005.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The World Factbook<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Publica\u00e7\u00e3o virtual da Ag\u00eancia Central de Intelig\u00eancia (CIA) dos Estados Unidos da Am\u00e9rica, 2005.<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paulo Vieira<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22576,"featured_media":3346,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[112,95,82],"tags":[7,215],"class_list":["post-3340","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economia","category-paises","category-t","tag-economia","tag-paises","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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