{"id":4698,"date":"2022-12-04T22:08:24","date_gmt":"2022-12-05T00:08:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/?p=4698"},"modified":"2024-02-23T17:30:51","modified_gmt":"2024-02-23T19:30:51","slug":"espanol-urng","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/espanol-urng","title":{"rendered":"Urng"},"content":{"rendered":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uni\u00e3o Revolucion\u00e1ria Nacional Guatemalteca<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Edelberto Torres-Rivas<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A URNG constituiu-se, em mar\u00e7o de 1982, como express\u00e3o da vontade de coordena\u00e7\u00e3o e unidade de quatro organiza\u00e7\u00f5es pol\u00edtico-militares existentes, incluindo um n\u00facleo do Partido Guatemalteco do Trabalho (PGT, comunista). Ainda n\u00e3o se explicou, publicamente, a circunst\u00e2ncia que permitiu o surgimento da frente unit\u00e1ria guerrilheira na\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.usp.br\/portalatinoamericano\/espanol-guatemala\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guatemala<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a URNG, j\u00e1 que se organizou como resultado de um momento amb\u00edguo na \u00f3tica da luta armada. Na hist\u00f3ria dos enfrentamentos, na d\u00e9cada de 1980, correspondeu a um segundo momento caracterizado pela supera\u00e7\u00e3o do foco guerrilheiro e pelo surgimento de duas organiza\u00e7\u00f5es, a Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o do Povo em Armas (ORPA) e o Ex\u00e9rcito Guerrilheiro dos Pobres (EGP), com forte respaldo campon\u00eas ind\u00edgena. Costuma-se dizer que o momento da unidade foi amb\u00edguo, porque a EGP lan\u00e7ou sua ofensiva de maneira independente no in\u00edcio dos anos 80, seguida da ofensiva, sem coordena\u00e7\u00e3o alguma, da ORPA e das For\u00e7as Armadas Rebeldes (FAR). O Ex\u00e9rcito pressentiu o perigo do apoio ind\u00edgena, preparou-se e, no segundo semestre de 1982, desbaratou a estrat\u00e9gia guerrilheira. A URNG surgiu nesse momento, quando as frentes guerrilheiras tinham come\u00e7ado a agir de forma aut\u00f4noma, e sua esperada coordena\u00e7\u00e3o parecia obedecer mais a necessidades defensivas. Depois de 1983, a luta insurrecional decresceu e deixou de significar uma amea\u00e7a pol\u00edtica e militar. A URNG se manteve como um ator indispens\u00e1vel e, por esse motivo, participou das conversa\u00e7\u00f5es de paz a partir de 1990. Um dos acordos de paz, em 1996, prop\u00f4s sua convers\u00e3o em partido pol\u00edtico, a partir de 1998. Atualmente, a URNG se mant\u00e9m como for\u00e7a pol\u00edtica, embora muito enfraquecida, dividida e sem nenhum futuro como partido pol\u00edtico. De fato, nunca houve uma integra\u00e7\u00e3o org\u00e2nica das suas partes constituintes e o que a guerra n\u00e3o unificou a democracia inevitavelmente dividiu. Nas elei\u00e7\u00f5es de 2004, a URNG e uma das fac\u00e7\u00f5es dissidentes obtiveram 4% do total de votos.<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uni\u00e3o Revolucion\u00e1ria Nacional Guatemalteca Edelberto Torres-Rivas<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23249,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[123,129],"tags":[200],"class_list":["post-4698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-movimentos-sociais-e-partidos","category-temas-temas","tag-movimentos-sociais-e-partidos","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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